{"created":"2023-06-20T15:05:31.067501+00:00","id":654,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"2d20320b-c454-412c-bd69-79c9c85acdf8"},"_deposit":{"created_by":3,"id":"654","owners":[3],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"654"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:ynu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000654","sets":["6:9:86:107"]},"author_link":["4351","4352","4350"],"item_6_alternative_title_21":{"attribute_name":"その他のタイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"A Study of the Possibility of Making Use of Tokens among Profoundly Retarded Adolescents"}]},"item_6_biblio_info_8":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"1983-10-30","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"145","bibliographicPageStart":"135","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"23","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"横浜国立大学教育紀要"}]}]},"item_6_description_17":{"attribute_name":"フォーマット","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"application/pdf","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_6_description_5":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"実験Iでは,最重度児に対するトークン利用の可能性を発達レベルと,呈示方法の2変数から調べてみた。発達レベルでは,最重度児のうち比較的知能障害が軽い高発達群はトークン利用の可能性がみられたが,知能障害が重い低発達群では可能性が少ないことがわかった。しかし低発達群は全く可能性がないのか,あるいは学習期間が短いなどの理由からそのような結果になったのか不明である。呈示方法は連続強化で,同時呈示,トークンを先行させる継時強化,1次強化を先行させる継時強化の3つの方法を試みた。その結果,トークンを先に呈示する継時強化が高発達群において他の呈示方法と違った反応を誘発させた。この結果から,呈示方法によってトークン利用の可能性が生じることがわかった。なお,連続強化としたのは,学習の初頭では連続強化が間歇強化よりも学習を促進するということによる。この実験Iの結果から3つの問題が生じた。訓練期間,呈示方法,低発達群における中性刺激のトークン化の可能性である。この内の訓練期間は特に反応に影響を与えず,実験Iの期間で十分であり,それだけ学習して変化が生じないようであれば,長期間訓練しても進歩が期待できないことが実験IIで明らかにされた。また,低発達群ではどのような方法によってもトークンを利用するのには発達レベルが低すぎることがわかった。呈示方法であるが,中性刺激を連続して呈示し,1次強化を間歇強化にしてフェイドアウトしていく方法が効果的であった。実験IIの範囲では有意に効果的であるとはいえないが,実験Iとの比較において差が生じており,最も適した方法といえる。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"},{"subitem_description":"The purpose of this study is to investigate whether profoundly retarded adolescents who cannot respond to tokens will be able to respond to them through training. Sixty Ss were divided into two groups: high developmental group (HDG) and low developmental group (LDG). Candies were used as primary reinforcers and poker chips being neutral stimuli were adopted as tokens. Ss were further divided into three groups in each group and trained three kinds of method: presenting neutral stimuli and primary reinforcers simultaneously, presenting neutral stimuli a second prior to primary reinforcers, and presenting primary reinforcers a second prior to neutral stimuli. The results showed that no effect of training was found on LDG but in HDG some of Ss were reinforced by the method of presenting neutral stimuli prior to primary reinforcers. But individual differences were great and the reinforcing value of poker chips was below the candies. Therefore, experiment II was conducted to examine whether the period of the training in the experiment I was too short for LDG and whether the effects of tokens will be increased by fading out the primary reinforcer in the schedule of intermittent reinforcement. The method of the presentation is one of the key variables. In the experiment II no significant difference was found in terms of the period of training. It was also found that intermittent reinforcement was better than continuous reinforcement in changing neutral stimuli into tokens in HDG but token economy was not suited to LDG.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_6_full_name_2":{"attribute_name":"著者(ヨミ)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"nameIdentifiers":[{}],"names":[{"name":"スズムラ, ケンジ"}]}]},"item_6_full_name_3":{"attribute_name":"著者別名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"nameIdentifiers":[{}],"names":[{"name":"Suzumura, Kenji"}]}]},"item_6_publisher_35":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"横浜国立大学"}]},"item_6_source_id_11":{"attribute_name":"書誌レコードID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AN00246507","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_6_source_id_9":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"05135656","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_6_text_4":{"attribute_name":"著者所属","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"特殊教育教室 = Dept. of Special Education"}]},"item_6_version_type_18":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"鈴村, 健治"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"4350","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2016-09-15"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KJ00004473684.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"938.6 kB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KJ00004473684.pdf","url":"https://ynu.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/654/files/KJ00004473684.pdf"},"version_id":"7bc2bed6-a72c-4b3e-bc31-3b1cf749eb4a"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"最重度精神遅滞児に対するトークン利用の可能性について","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"最重度精神遅滞児に対するトークン利用の可能性について"}]},"item_type_id":"6","owner":"3","path":["107"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2007-09-27"},"publish_date":"2007-09-27","publish_status":"0","recid":"654","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["最重度精神遅滞児に対するトークン利用の可能性について"],"weko_creator_id":"3","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-20T22:48:19.783390+00:00"}